If an extranjero marries an Argentine, they would apply for permanent, not temporary residency.
The only reason I can think of that only temporary residency might be granted is if both pàrties are foreigners and one already has (only) temporary residency.
Hopefully, others with recent experience will be able to give you an idea how long it is now taking to actually get the DNI (after receiving a precaria when your residency application is first approved).