Its 43 for the US now. Another gold.
As for the relation to population. US pop. = 315 million. Arg pop. = 40 million. So simple math tells us 40/315 = 0.12. So Argentina should have 0.12 * 43 which is 5.16 or rounded down, 5.
Yup, I just wasted my time with math. About as useless as the comment about the relation of population to the medals won.