Short answer: if you follow the letter of the law, then you have to pay income taxes in both countries, on income you make anywhere in the world! So it is double taxation kinda but... first see the above comment about the foreign earned income exclusion: in the US, If you do some paperwork to prove you’re a resident here, you don’t pay income tax in the US in the first 110k-ish in income you make from working abroad but you still pay social security and Medicare; and secondly if your taxes are higher in Arg than in the Us, there are ways to deduct them on the other so you don’t double pay but just pay the higher rate. That said.... many people use creative accounting.