sesamosinsal
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This is from the Carta Organica of the Central Bank:
Now you can try to make the argument that this only refers to markets within Argentina, but that is going to be an extremely difficult argument for Vanoli to make when you consider that he sold US$15,000 million worth of these contracts at a price of around 10 pesos and change, when he could have sold them in New York (or Chicago, really) for around 15 pesos,When you consider the financial magnitude by which he has harmed the country, (the current estimate of the losses caused by this, which could well go much, much higher, are more that all the money owed to all the holdouts, including all interest and penalties), it is extremely doubtful that any reasonable judge is going to view this as a mere technicality.
- Causing the country to lose hundreds of millions in direct revenue
- Having no hard currency to back up these transactions
- Putting the economic stability of the country into (much more) jeopardy
And certainly, it's not.
Vanoli sold these contracts to force the next government to maintain the cepo. The country won't lose much of anything if the cepo isn't removed, and the currency devalues at the same pace as it has over the past year. These contracts are an insurance policy.
Also, these contracts are paid in pesos. The only hard currency the BCRA needs to pay them is pesos.
The economic stability of the country is only put into jeopardy by a devaluation. Whether we like the policy or not, these futures contracts actually provide a lot of stability. Unless the current government can roll them back, it makes a devaluation at this point prohibitively expensive.
There are always price disparities between stocks and other assets depending on the exchange. The value of the USDARS is 9.72. The BCRA is the entity that sets the exchange rate. See the Regimen Penal Cambiario. No judge is going to validate exchange rates set in other markets that aren't explicitly permitted by the BCRA. Why? The law:
ARTICULO 1º — Serán reprimidas con las sanciones que se establecen en la presente ley:
a) Toda negociación de cambio que se realice sin intervención de institución autorizada para efectuar dichas operaciones;
B) Operar en cambios sin estar autorizado a tal efecto;
c) Toda falsa declaración relacionada con las operaciones de cambio;
d) La omisión de rectificar las declaraciones producidas y de efectuar los reajustes correspondientes si las operaciones reales resultasen distintas de las denunciadas;
e) Toda operación de cambio que no se realice por la cantidad, moneda o al tipo de cotización, en los plazos y demás condiciones establecidos por las normas en vigor;
f) Todo acto u omisión que infrinja las normas sobre el régimen de cambios.
Obviously, the BCRA can't legally prosecute entities outside of Argentina. Why anyone would think that the BCRA would be beholden to them is a complete misunderstanding of Argentine law insofar as currency operations are concerned.