Hi Popper,
when you present your papers at your first turno (which I believe must include your FBI background check - translated) you will be given a precaria temporaria on the day. With this, you are able to leave the country. You must carry it with you and present it to immigration, if not they will stamp you in/out as a tourist.
You will be able to return to immigration about 40days after your first turno to collect the disposicion. This is the actual work permit, they will take your precaria as you will no longer need that.
This is all with the assumption your first turno is to present all of your papers, and not to get your Argentine background check which I believe also requires a turno these days.
I arranged my visa earlier this year and did leave during the 40day period with my precaria. There were no issues at all. However I am aware they have changed procedures somewhat since then, so please do not take my advice as gospel!
Erin