Look, buddy, you got two things going on here:
1) A USA sim card that let's you call the USA while roaming in Argentina (T-mobile, Verizon, etc.)
2) An Argentine sim card that let's you call around Argentina domestically.
These two do not overlap. # 1 will charge you a fortune calling around Argentina. # 2 will charge you a fortune calling the USA.
For # 1, if you already have a T-mobile account and you lost your phone. Buy your new phone, log into your T-Mobile account online and download your Esim onto your new phone. Done, now you can continue calling the USA.
For # 2, Buy a chip wherever you want and you go to Claro and get it activated, now you can call around Argentina.
Nobody in their right mind living in Argenina is calling the USA using a cell phone provider. It would cost a fortune and a lot of cell plans here probably don't even let you. People living here instead use apps like Skype, WhatsApp to talk to family or friends.
Most businesses in the USA don't use WhatsApp, so if you aren't going to go with a USA cell provider, then you'll need a VOIP service (Ring Central, Zoom Phone, Google Phone, etc.).