ajoknoblauch
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A veritable digest of wingnuttery!
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A veritable digest of wingnuttery!
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To add to steveinbsas post on the carbon Dioxide.
And the CO2 is essential in growing green house veggies, we need them in abundance if to eat red juicy plump and sweet Tomatoes!
Gardening with CO[sub]2[/sub] explained
[font=Trebuchet MS']When plants appeared and evolved on Earth, it is known for a fact that carbon dioxide (CO[sub]2[/sub]) concentration was much higher than it is now. Then, the CO[sub]2[/sub] concentration was certainly above 1000 parts per million (ppm). Actually, the average CO[sub]2[/sub] concentration in outdoors air is about 400 ppm on the planet (not really true at your location). Thus, plants enjoy and are stimulated by breathing air with a higher CO[sub]2[/sub] concentration. That’s why so many indoor gardeners enrich their garden with CO[sub]2[/sub] during photosynthesis to supply the plants with this essential building material. Through photosynthesis, the carbon in CO[sub]2[/sub] is extracted and takes part in the building of leaves, stems, flowers and fruits. Proper CO[sub]2[/sub] concentration from early growing to fructification allows for faster maturation and larger yield.
The benefits of CO[sub]2[/sub] enrichment are to reduce the time from seedling to harvest, and generally accelerate growth and augment crop yield. Plants also better resist some pests like moulds. Rutgers University compared Romaine lettuce grown outdoors and in a climate controlled greenhouse with CO[sub]2[/sub] enrichment. The results were clearly to the advantage of the indoor greenhouse grown lettuce. Romaine lettuce grown outdoors reached ready-to-market maturity in 62 days. In the greenhouse under a well controlled climate and CO[sub]2[/sub] enhancement, lettuce heads were ready-to-market in 48 days: a clear gain of 14 days to get to harvest. Also the greenhouse yield weighted 33 % more than field grown lettuce heads. Yield quality was more uniform and greenhouse heads were paid a higher price.
CO[sub]2[/sub] absorption by plants
Plants get the essential carbon atoms only from the air through breathing through their stomas (Figure 1). As soon as stomas close, the plant is deprived from the carbon essential material to build the vegetal cells. Most essential nutrients to plants are drawn through the roots. If one essential nutrient is not in the proper proportion relating to all others, it becomes the limiting factor that slows plant growth. Very often CO[sub]2[/sub] and carbon availability become the limiting factor. Proper air temperature and humidity are prerequisite to maintain the stomas opened at all times for the plant to breath in CO[sub]2[/sub] (photosynthesis) and breath out gaseous surplus and waste (in the dark). That is why a close to optimal climate control is required in an indoor garden to keep the stomas opened as much as possible to get maximum plant productivity.
Figure 1: Plants leaves are covered with hundreds to thousands stomas per square inch to let the plant breathe gases like CO[sub]2[/sub], oxygen and water vapour.
How much CO[sub]2[/sub]?
It is well known that a CO[sub]2[/sub] level in the garden's air between 700 and 900 ppm improves crop development and yield. Most plants grown for their beautiful flowers or foliage optimally develop at about 800 ppm. Roses are distinctive as they require about 1200 ppm in carbon dioxide concentration for best results. For many fruits and vegetables, the ideal CO[sub]2[/sub]level in the garden should be at least between 1000 and 1200 ppm.
Don't put too much CO[sub]2[/sub]!
Too much CO[sub]2[/sub] is bad to the plants. Too high CO[sub]2[/sub] level lowers plants' transpiration during photosynthesis: without or with less transpiration less nutritive solution is drawn thru the plant, thus less food enters the plant and growth slows down. Under too high CO[sub]2[/sub] level, necrosis spots (dead vegetal tissue, Figure 2) appear on leaves that may also roll into themselves. These dead tissue spots are a great food for bacteria and molds. Too much of a good thing, again, turns out bad results like a lower weighted yield per plant and a lower quality produce.
Figure 2: Necrosis spots a leave's surface and sometimes the leave's edges may change colour turning either yellowish or brownish or even black.
When and how much CO[sub]2[/sub] ?
Generally, enriching the garden's air to raise the level between 1,000 and 1,500 ppm is recommended. There is apparently no benefit to augment the concentration higher than 1,500 ppm. Higher levels are a human health hazard. Plants do not benefit from higher levels either. That can also be a waste of money. But for exceptional species, most plants breathe CO[sub]2[/sub] only during photosynthesis which is when there is light.
Raising the CO[sub]2[/sub] level when the plants are in the dark is useless and harmful to plants. In the dark, plants reject all left over gaseous materials not integrated during photosynthesis. Some CO[sub]2[/sub] is also rejected. So, raising the CO[sub]2[/sub] level in the dark may cause a "jam" preventing the plant's cleanup in preparation for the next photoperiod.
CO[sub]2[/sub] Safety warning
Carbon dioxide (CO[sub]2[/sub]) is not toxic in itself. Nevertheless, the higher the CO[sub]2[/sub] level, the more the human breathing and brain functioning are affected. Persons with respiratory problems like asthma may be affected at a low level like 1000 ppm where other people will not feel any discomfort. But for the hazardous high levels in excess of 6 000 ppm, the CO[sub]2[/sub]caused discomforts are totally reversible. The affected person just has to go breathe in a lower CO[sub]2[/sub] level place like outside until the discomfort disappears as the CO[sub]2[/sub] level in blood lowers.
The following table shows CO[sub]2[/sub] levels associated with various experienced discomforts.[/font]
And the CO2 is essential in growing green house veggies, we need them in abundance if to eat red juicy plump and sweet Tomatoes!
Gardening with CO[sub]2[/sub] explained
[font=Trebuchet MS']When plants appeared and evolved on Earth, it is known for a fact that carbon dioxide (CO[sub]2[/sub]) concentration was much higher than it is now. Then, the CO[sub]2[/sub] concentration was certainly above 1000 parts per million (ppm). Actually, the average CO[sub]2[/sub] concentration in outdoors air is about 400 ppm on the planet (not really true at your location). Thus, plants enjoy and are stimulated by breathing air with a higher CO[sub]2[/sub] concentration. That’s why so many indoor gardeners enrich their garden with CO[sub]2[/sub] during photosynthesis to supply the plants with this essential building material. Through photosynthesis, the carbon in CO[sub]2[/sub] is extracted and takes part in the building of leaves, stems, flowers and fruits. Proper CO[sub]2[/sub] concentration from early growing to fructification allows for faster maturation and larger yield.
The benefits of CO[sub]2[/sub] enrichment are to reduce the time from seedling to harvest, and generally accelerate growth and augment crop yield. Plants also better resist some pests like moulds. Rutgers University compared Romaine lettuce grown outdoors and in a climate controlled greenhouse with CO[sub]2[/sub] enrichment. The results were clearly to the advantage of the indoor greenhouse grown lettuce. Romaine lettuce grown outdoors reached ready-to-market maturity in 62 days. In the greenhouse under a well controlled climate and CO[sub]2[/sub] enhancement, lettuce heads were ready-to-market in 48 days: a clear gain of 14 days to get to harvest. Also the greenhouse yield weighted 33 % more than field grown lettuce heads. Yield quality was more uniform and greenhouse heads were paid a higher price.
CO[sub]2[/sub] absorption by plants
Plants get the essential carbon atoms only from the air through breathing through their stomas (Figure 1). As soon as stomas close, the plant is deprived from the carbon essential material to build the vegetal cells. Most essential nutrients to plants are drawn through the roots. If one essential nutrient is not in the proper proportion relating to all others, it becomes the limiting factor that slows plant growth. Very often CO[sub]2[/sub] and carbon availability become the limiting factor. Proper air temperature and humidity are prerequisite to maintain the stomas opened at all times for the plant to breath in CO[sub]2[/sub] (photosynthesis) and breath out gaseous surplus and waste (in the dark). That is why a close to optimal climate control is required in an indoor garden to keep the stomas opened as much as possible to get maximum plant productivity.
Figure 1: Plants leaves are covered with hundreds to thousands stomas per square inch to let the plant breathe gases like CO[sub]2[/sub], oxygen and water vapour.
How much CO[sub]2[/sub]?
It is well known that a CO[sub]2[/sub] level in the garden's air between 700 and 900 ppm improves crop development and yield. Most plants grown for their beautiful flowers or foliage optimally develop at about 800 ppm. Roses are distinctive as they require about 1200 ppm in carbon dioxide concentration for best results. For many fruits and vegetables, the ideal CO[sub]2[/sub]level in the garden should be at least between 1000 and 1200 ppm.
Don't put too much CO[sub]2[/sub]!
Too much CO[sub]2[/sub] is bad to the plants. Too high CO[sub]2[/sub] level lowers plants' transpiration during photosynthesis: without or with less transpiration less nutritive solution is drawn thru the plant, thus less food enters the plant and growth slows down. Under too high CO[sub]2[/sub] level, necrosis spots (dead vegetal tissue, Figure 2) appear on leaves that may also roll into themselves. These dead tissue spots are a great food for bacteria and molds. Too much of a good thing, again, turns out bad results like a lower weighted yield per plant and a lower quality produce.
Figure 2: Necrosis spots a leave's surface and sometimes the leave's edges may change colour turning either yellowish or brownish or even black.
When and how much CO[sub]2[/sub] ?
Generally, enriching the garden's air to raise the level between 1,000 and 1,500 ppm is recommended. There is apparently no benefit to augment the concentration higher than 1,500 ppm. Higher levels are a human health hazard. Plants do not benefit from higher levels either. That can also be a waste of money. But for exceptional species, most plants breathe CO[sub]2[/sub] only during photosynthesis which is when there is light.
Raising the CO[sub]2[/sub] level when the plants are in the dark is useless and harmful to plants. In the dark, plants reject all left over gaseous materials not integrated during photosynthesis. Some CO[sub]2[/sub] is also rejected. So, raising the CO[sub]2[/sub] level in the dark may cause a "jam" preventing the plant's cleanup in preparation for the next photoperiod.
CO[sub]2[/sub] Safety warning
Carbon dioxide (CO[sub]2[/sub]) is not toxic in itself. Nevertheless, the higher the CO[sub]2[/sub] level, the more the human breathing and brain functioning are affected. Persons with respiratory problems like asthma may be affected at a low level like 1000 ppm where other people will not feel any discomfort. But for the hazardous high levels in excess of 6 000 ppm, the CO[sub]2[/sub]caused discomforts are totally reversible. The affected person just has to go breathe in a lower CO[sub]2[/sub] level place like outside until the discomfort disappears as the CO[sub]2[/sub] level in blood lowers.
The following table shows CO[sub]2[/sub] levels associated with various experienced discomforts.[/font]
steveinbsas
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"I can’t tell you how many times I’ve been told by AGW voices that there are NO qualified skeptics or peer reviewed/published work by them. Including right here by RC regulars. In truth there is serious work and questions raised by significant work by very qualified skeptics which has been peer reviewed and published. It should be at least a bit disturbing for this type of denial to have been perpetrated with such a chorus. It’s one thing to engage and refute. But it’s not right to misrepresent as not even existing the counter viewpoints. I fully recognize the adversarial environment between the two opposing camps which RC and CA/WUWT represent, but the the perpetual declaration that there is no legitimate rejection of AGW is out of line."
- John H., Comment at RealClimate.org
http://www.populartechnology.net/2009/10/peer-reviewed-papers-supporting.html
ajoknoblauch
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If your peers are wingnuts, your wingnuttery will get positive reviews.
scotttswan
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steveinbsas
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Digest this:
http://www.climatedepot.com/2013/05/14/co2-nears-400-ppm-relax-its-not-global-warming-end-times-but-only-a-big-yawn-climate-depot-special-report/
steveinbsas
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Actually, I didn't ignore it, and I will answer it soon.
ajoknoblauch
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"The Matt Drudge of Climate Denial:" http://mediamatters.org/research/2012/12/27/climate-change-misinformer-of-the-year-marc-mor/191878
ajoknoblauch
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Translation: "will babble on shortly."
scotttswan
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full of bullshit
Building a better future can only be accomplished by facing up to the impacts that increasing CO2 emissions are having on the climate, on sea level, and on ocean acidification. That Dr. Happer is slowing this down by putting forth scientific statements that indicate so little understanding (presumably, because of reading too narrowly or with too closed a mind) is very disappointing. In the years that I was at Princeton and the grading system went from 1 (high) to 7 (low), I regret to say that Dr. Happer would have earned the 7. This grade was actually hard to get because it indicated “flagrant neglect” in one’s studies. For his generally uninformed and limited discussion and understanding of climate change science, however, I very much regret to say that Dr. Happer seems clearly to have earned that designation.
http://www.climatesciencewatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/The-Real-Truth-About-Greenhouse-Gases-and-Climate-Change_1.pdf
