No. If you don t belong to Mercosur you have to full fit one of those visa categories. The Congress forgot to enact the article about residency, and they use the visa requirements for residency, it is a mistake. I just appealed today using that argument.
New citizens have no army duties for 10 years.However, conscription is abolished. You get the right to use arms, if you like, to defend the democracy, that´s it.
Or if you confess to be working here.
Depends.
Rentista has also the issue that they expect that you send a money transfer to Argentina and you get pesos at the official rate.
Unless you are Russian, citizenship is probably the best option. I understand that Russia doesn t accept dual citizenship.
Regards