the reason Argentina has Ford, Fiat, Toyota, and Renault/Citroen factories is not the size of the country. Its only 40 million people. Columbia has more people, and fewer factories. Peronism, since the 40s, has been tipping the scales towards Industria Argentina. Its why there are still steel mills, stamping plants, textile mills, shoe factories, mass production of hand tools, transformers, food prep equipment, commercial laundry machines, and dozens more industrial products here, and many of those things are no longer made in the USA, which has just a few more people.
When i buy screws, or a hammer, or fabric, in the USA, its made in China. When I buy it here, its Industria Argentina.
Every law, every regulation, every tariff, every bureaucrat benefits somebody, and hurts somebody else, economically.
Argentina has laws that have kept industry here. Uruguay, and the US, do not.
This was intentional, and, to a large degree, it worked.
Uruguay does not have a similar industrial policy.
They have hitched their wagon to tourism, liberal banking laws, and some exports of raw materials.
In many many social measurement caterories, from literacy to life expectancy to education, Uruguay and Argentina are very very similar.
The big difference is the government here decided to build things, and there, to raise cows.
eh.net