Bank fees are often misunderstood.
Foreign currency transaction fees were recently the subject of a massive class action against Visa, Mastercard, and several others incl. large banks. See
www.ccfsettlement.com.
Visa and Mastercard, the clearing houses for foreign currency transactions, charge cardholders about 1% on top of the wholesale exchange rate for making the transaction. Most cardholders would be unaware of it because it is not segregated out or otherwise identified on the monthly statements of account. The class action settlement (still pending on appeal) requires the clearing houses and card issuing banks to more clearly describe the existence of these fees which are and will continue to be buried in the fine print of the seldom read disclosure statements cardholders receive when they open their accounts and occasionally reiterated in monthly statements. Technically I believe the 1% is collected by the card issuing bank on behalf of the clearing house.
In addition to the foreign currency fee charged by the clearing houses, card issuing banks will often impose their own separate foreign currency transaction fee for all transaction with merchants and or ATM withdrawls. This may often be between 1-3% of the transaction amount. Savvy consumers should shop around for card issuers who minimize this fee or do not charge it at all. Capitol One bank and affinity debit cards issued by Schwab and Fidelity I believe do not charge a fee.
In addition to the fees charged by the clearing houses and card issuers, the local ATM owner will charge a fee. This is the current 16 peso fee charged by the Link and Banelco systems. I suspect a certain % of that fee is shared by the ATM owning institution. Fidelity, Schwab and Cap One card holders can have these Banelco/Link fees backed out of their acct, but there are sometimes limits to the amount of fee reversals per annum. Fidelity allows me $225 of credits for the Banelco/link fees. Not sure if Cap One or Schwab have limits.
Of course, cash advance fees, incurred when using a CREDIT card to get cash from an ATM has a separate stiff fee of at least 3% on top of all the other fees. It is not a good idea to use a credit card to get cash from an ATM.