camberiu said:
I see...so 2008 happened because of the markets....So, the artificially low interest set by the fed since 2000, the equal housing act passed by Congress, runaway government spending since 9/11, Fannie and Freddy, none of that had anything to do with the 2008 crisis? It was all due to unchecked capitalism?
Yes, the US crisis happened largely because of unregulated markets and unrestrained competition among the banks for profitable shares in growing high-risk lines of business. These businesses were so complicated that few if any bank executives or board members understood them, and the risk managers tasked with their oversight were silenced on the basis that "all the other banks" were taking the risks and making huge profits.
Yes, the interest rate after 2000 was too low to allow any leverage during the meltdown. With the US economy very weak after 9-11, this was the right thing to do at the time.
I'm not sure what you mean by the "Equal Housing Act." I'm not aware of any legislation that enabled or encouraged predatory lending practices. The problem mortgages came about in the private marketplace with only profit incentives, with neither government backing nor encouragement.
There was huge demand for complex mortgage-backed securities, mostly from the banks themselves and especially from European banks. The demand was such that it could not be satisfied by "normal" mortgage activity. So the mortgage underwriters, with nothing to lose themselves since they were selling off all risk in these securities, went bottom-fishing. Their fees for writing low-quality loans were actually higher than for more conventional mortgages.
One study by Wallison (American Enterprise Institute) attributed parts of the financial system failure to policy changes at Fannie and Freddie. This study was subsequently debunked when it was found that Wallison had used an incorrect measure of "high-risk" loans in the Fannie and Freddie portfolios. In fact, neither agency's portfolio ever included more than 5% of assets in such loans.
By 2004 more mortgages were funded through private-label securities than by the quasi-government agencies. Late in the game, Fannie and Freddie began fearing their loss of market dominance and did underwrite some lower-quality loans, but the volume was trivial compared to what was coming through the private markets, and it was these (largely unregulated) private securities and the (totally unregulated) derivatives based on them that led to the crisis.
Yes - it was unchecked capitalism hoist on its own petard.
As much as we might like to blame government intervention for the crisis, it was actually the LACK of government intervention that permitted it. Had Glass-Steagle remained in effect, or had there been reasonable risk and capital requirements for banks, or had there been any regulation of financial derivatives, the crisis would have been avoided.
Absent the separation of risk- and deposit-taking, the effective oversight of bank capital and risk, and any standards or oversight of the $30
trillion business in credit-default swaps (as-of 12-2008), bank greed brought about a global catastrophe.