bigbadwolf
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These are complex questions, and methinks a number of differing responses may be proffered. Firstly, I'm not sure there's any greater "community feeling" in a city like New York, though clearly its residents act in a more civilised fashion. My opinion at the moment is that cities like Helsinki, Copenhagen, Stockholm, Tokyo, and Singapore are exemplary cities -- Nordic and East Asian. Secondly, my conviction is that the more diversity one has, the greater the problems. In this connection there has been a recent Harvard study:"chris" said:Mr. Wolf...You are probably right about the racial breakdown of Argentina (about 40% European) however in large parts of Barrio Norte the owner/residents are of largely European stock and not all of southern European origin - there are many of eastern European descent. Despite this there seems to be a lack of community spirit here that exceeds anything I have seen elsewhere. I go back to my earlier statement that only you have addressed...Portenos make a big issue of being "European". Just what does this mean?
http://news.moneycentral.msn.com/provider/providerarticle.asp?feed=FT&Date=20061008&ID=6085419
QUOTE A bleak picture of the corrosive effects of ethnic diversity has been revealed in research by Harvard University's Robert Putnam, one of the world's most influential political scientists.
The core message of the research was that, "in the presence of diversity, we hunker down", he said. "We act like turtles. The effect of diversity is worse than had been imagined. And it's not just that we don't trust people who are not like us. In diverse communities, we don't trust people who do look like us."
Prof Putnam found trust was lowest in Los Angeles, "the most diverse human habitation in human history", but his findings also held for rural South Dakota, where "diversity means inviting Swedes to a Norwegians' picnic".
When the data were adjusted for class, income and other factors, they showed that the more people of different races lived in the same community, the greater the loss of trust. "They don't trust the local mayor, they don't trust the local paper, they don't trust other people and they don't trust institutions," said Prof Putnam. "The only thing there's more of is protest marches and TV watching."UNQUOTE
A city like Buenos Aires is racially stratified, though more subtly than, say, Rio or Sao Paolo. People of European descent are to be found clustered at the top, while non-European admixture becomes increasingly prevalent the further down the socio-economic ladder one goes. Racially diverse societies lack social cohesion and, synonymously, community spirit.
I hasten to add that there may be other equally plausible or persuasive theories. These are merely my opinions at the present time.