I have for years wondered why SA (Latin America in general) have huge problems with underdevelopment of most countries, although they have huge resources - e.g. Argentina.
The people of Lat.Am. are as intelligent as everybody else I have met world wide, so the answer must somehow be cultural.
My own answer has gradually ripened through diverse reading of political and economial analysis and many discussions with friends in 7 Lat.Am. countries (Mexico, Guatemala, Cuba, Brasil, Uruguay, Argentina, Chile) into five main causes (I admit that I may not understand some hiddden causes):
1. A complete lack of civismo - me, myself and I am not responsible for anyone else or for anything that happens. Why not do whatever pleases me, if everyone else does, why should I have the trouble to ...
3. Nobody in charge in government, province and to some extent also municipality level make long time plans.
4. No long time planning because of the metronome election (click-clack-click-clack), as a protest, of representatives from the opposite party - any opposite party (which simply continue where the previous government left) so no government can sail a straight course for any extended period of time; election and mid-term every two years - thus ensuring that chaos will prevail.
5. In SA there are few, or no, real - i.e. efficient - grass root movements. Everybody is willing to scream, shout, carry banners, throw bottles and stones, burn tires, block the roads, ..., their agression relieving them of frustrations. The politicians' answer is a flood of words but no proper action except for Potemkin facades - why bother, in a week or so the mob has forgotten all about it, business as usual.
In the EU and US grass root movements often have real power - stop doing this-or-that or else ... e.g. the sale of (Español) 'leche maternizada' (mother milk substitute ?) in Africa. Stop those practices or your company will starve to death like the African children do. Result: At first resistance, then - when sales dropped some 25 to 30% in US and EU - followed by total submission and a complete stop of the deplorable practices.
A similar type of action is used against politicians, you won't get reelected so you can no longer grab.