The assertion that "a US citizen in Argentina has to pay for health care that is provided virtually free in the US" is not entirely accurate.
Aa far as I know, any "inhabitant" can acces the public health care system n Argentina. by going to a public hospital, thought I doubt a tourst who has the now required "international" coverage would want to if that coveage applies to private hospitals. I have no doubt that they would not be required to have temporary or permanent residency (in other words, no DNI) to receive at least "emergency" health care in any public hospital free of charge.
Nonetheless, based on my own experience, I am absolutey certain that a citizen of the US who has temporary or permanent residency in Argentina can access the public healh care system in Argentina, though it may not be entirely "free" or without cost and probably would not include advanced treatment for serious diseases.
Since turning 65 in 2015, I don't think I have paid even close to a total of what would be for just one monthly Medicare Part B payment (currently $170 USD for annual lab tests, at least twenty consultaions (face to face with doctors at the hosptial in Punta Alta) after rceiving the "order" from the doctor in the clinic one KM from my house) ten ultrasound exams, two hearing and two nose and throat exams, at least five x-rays, a CAT scan, a colonoscopy, and three minor surgeries (all at the local hospital except fot the CAT scan).
This thread is only six months old and contains a lot more information:
I am moving to BA in August but in July I turn 65. I want a local policy in Argentina I think, lol. Sometimes with insurance like medical, there is an advantage to buying it before you turn 65 like guaranteed renewals for a longer time. Is that the case with Argentine insurance? Which medical...
baexpats.org